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Geologists believe that the volcanic activity in the Mount Shasta region is due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the western extremity of the North American Plate. Geological studies have revealed that the volcanic activity in the Mount Shasta region began about 37 million years ago, but it is estimated that all the mountains that form a part of the Cascade Mountain Range are less than 2 million years old. Geology A mountain climber looks out at Shastina from the top of Mount Shasta. However, the climbing of Mount Shasta can be very strenuous, given the harsh climate and terrain as well as the decreasing oxygen levels at higher altitudes. The climbing season usually starts in April and continues till October. Currently, there are 17 established routes with different difficulty levels and of these routes, the Avalanche Gulch route is the most popular one. Mount Shasta serves as a popular tourist destination and offers many recreational activities for its visitors including mountain climbing, and backcountry skiing. The glaciers of Mount Shasta feed the Sacramento, McCloud and Shasta rivers. The three smaller glaciers include the Konwakiton Glacier, the Mud Creek Glacier, and the Watkins Glacier. The four large glaciers include the Bolam Glacier, Hotlum Glacier, Wintun Glacier, and the Whitney Glacier. Mount Shasta features seven named glaciers, of which there are four large and three small glaciers. While Mount Shasta is located to the north of the Lassen Volcanic National Park and the Lassen National Forest, both Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak are considered to be the southernmost active volcanoes in the Cascade Mountain Range. This potentially active volcano is surrounded by the Klamath National Forest in the west the Modoc National Forest in the east and by the Lava Beds National Monument and the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the south. Being a part of the Cascade Mountain Range, Mount Shasta is situated within the Shasta-Trinity National Forest, which is Northern California’s largest federally designated forest. Mount Shasta is situated about 65km south of the boundary between California and Oregon, and 124km to the north of the city of Redding. Geography A view of Mount Shasta volcano during sunset in California.